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Clerodendrum speciosissimum

Jacob-Makoy (1836)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Lamiaceae Genus: Clerodendrum

java glorybower, pagoda-flower, red clerodendrum

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Erect, spreading shrub to 3.5 m tall.

Stems: Much branched, stems squarish and downy-hairy, +/- hollow.

Roots: Suckering freely.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, each pair at right angles to next. Blades broadly ovate, to 2.5 x 2.5 cm. Apex rounded to tapering. Base cordate. Surfaces densely pubescent, undersides whitish downy. Margins entire or coarsely toothed. Petiolate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescence a terminal, erect panicle, with bright scarlet flowers (rarely white), each flower +/- bracgteolate. Flowers odorless. Calyx bell-shaped, 5-toothed, enlarging, platterlike and red in fruit. Corolla nearly actinomorphic or slightly irregular, salver-shaped, 0.8-1.25" long, limb 5-lobed, subequal, spreading, 1.25-2.5" diam., slightly to greatly exceeding the calyx; nectary disk often present at base of ovary, annular or developed on anterior side only. Stamens 4(5), in 2 pairs, inserted on corolla tube and usually long–exserted, aligned with the sinuses; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits, occasionally 1 theca reduced or absent or the 2 thecae confluent, occasionally the connective elongate and thus separating the thecae. Ovary superior, rarely on a gynophore, 4-celled; ovules 1 per cell, attached laterally; style arising between lobes, placentation basal-axile; ovules 1 per ovary lobe, anatropous to hemitropous of apotropous; style 1, usually cleft; stigmas 2, sometimes 1 reduced and vestigial.

Fruit: Fruit 2-4 lobed; flattened; blue-black when ripe; separating into 4 sections. Seeds oblong; with endosperm absent or scanty and oily.

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Potentially naturalizing
O'ahu Only found in cultivation
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Only found in cultivation

Dispersal Agents

Birds

Vegetative Reproduction

Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Nursery Cat. (L. Jacob-Makoy & Co.) 1836: 19 (1836)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1319 (O? [as C. speciosissimum, garden escape]); Staples & Herbst 2005:559 (KEY, DESCR, Syn. C. speciosissimum = C. buchananii var. fallax); Starr et al. 2006:41 (NEWNAT/EM, DESCR); Frohlich & Lau 2007:11 (O); Parker & Parsons 2010:43 (H); Wagner et al. 2012:72 (O record adventive, not followed); Brock et al. 2023:151 (K? [adventive, Kapaʻa, 2017], Syn. C. b. var. fallax = C. speciosissimum)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Clerodendrum speciosissimum Kapalama Hts., Kamehameha Girls' School Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1932-06-06
2 Clerodendrum speciosissimum Honolulu: Bishop Museum partial shade Preserved_Specimen shrub 2.5 m tall. The corolla color is crimson Lau, J. 1043 Oahu BISH 1985-06-04
3 Clerodendrum speciosissimum Kahuku High loam/clay Preserved_Specimen Shrub, flowers scarlet, leaves cordate with down Ziegelbauer, K. 40 Oahu BISH 1975-04-02
4 Clerodendrum speciosissimum East Maui, Kipahulu In pasture and along fenceline. Wet lowland ornamental vegetation w. young `a`a lava substrate. Associated vegetation: Mango, Clerodendrum chinense. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; flowers red; lvs stinky and furry. Starr, F. 405181 Maui BISH 2004-05-18
5 Clerodendrum speciosissimum East Maui, Hana District, Hana, SE of Hamoa to Waioka, Makaalae coastal pasture lands, edge of large Terminalia/Syzygium groove. With Sporobolus Preserved_Specimen Leaves dark green above, dull, silvery-green below. Corolla bright scarlet; calyx and pedicels dark red. Flynn, T.W. 2570 Maui BISH 1987-10-27
6 Clerodendrum speciosissimum Bishop Museum partial shade Preserved_Specimen shrub 2.5 m tall. The corolla color is crimson Lau, J. 1043 Oahu BISH 1985-06-04
7 Clerodendrum speciosissimum East Maui, Hana along streambed on Muolea Point, Koali Disturbed wet lowland forest Preserved_Specimen Scarlet flowers in inflorescence, purple fruit Welton, P. 2226 Maui BISH 2006-04-24
8 Clerodendrum speciosissimum Waimea Botanical Garden Naturalized throughout garden. Preserved_Specimen Shrub, 1 meter tall. Leaves medium green. Many fruiting heads seen with green immature and blue-black, shiny mature berries.No flowers seen on naturalizing individuals. OED Oahu BISH 2006-12-07
9 Clerodendrum speciosissimum Kalihi Valley, Kalihi St in back of valley Roadside, wet, full shade. About 20 feet into the woods off of the road Preserved_Specimen Flowers bright red, one plant seen Faccenda, K. 2379 Oahu BISH 2022-05-19
10 Clerodendrum speciosissimum Discovery Harbor Subdivision, Naalehu, in the back of private property With cultivated specimens in the front. At edge of thick Schinus terebinthifolius forest. Preserved_Specimen 5 ft tall. McGuire, R. 17 Hawaii BISH 2008-07-21
11 Clerodendrum speciosissimum W Maui, Lahaina District, Wahikuli Park Growing at base of Ficus (cultivated), with two Schefflera volunteers. Preserved_Specimen Flowers bright scarlet. Oppenheimer, H.L. 50130 Maui BISH 2001-05-26
12 Clerodendrum speciosissimum Wailua sandy Preserved_Specimen flower red Kinikini, T.V. 48 Oahu BISH 1967-04-22
13 Clerodendrum speciosissimum Kawaihau District. Along unnamed road running north of, but parallel to, Kapaa stream in Kapaa. Plants sparsely distributed along unnamed road. Six mature plants visible from roadside. Growing in Megathyrsus maximus dominated field, under Samanea saman canopy (presumed planted along roadside) and Syzygium cumini, Canavalia cathartica in mid story. Preserved_Specimen Shrub approximately 1 meter tall; leaves softly hairy and dark, dull green, measuring greater than 20 cm. long near base of stem; flowers vermillon-orange in termainal clusters. Brock, K. 983 Kauai BISH 2017-05-09
14 Clerodendrum speciosissimum U.H.Campus by Home Ec.Bldg Preserved_Specimen shrub; 1.5 m Woolford, H.A. 280 Oahu BISH 1951-01-18
15 Clerodendrum speciosissimum Waimea Arboretum full sun Preserved_Specimen sparingly branched shrub, 2 m tall,. Flowers a blend of orange red and salmon; odorless (noon) Lau, J. 2447 Oahu BISH 1986-05-19
16 Clerodendrum speciosissimum Puhi Camp, west of Kauai Community College yard of abandoned home site Preserved_Specimen Stem dull green. Petiole green to dull purple. Blade green with hoary cast from white hairs. Inflorscence orange-red nearly throughout, darker on calyx, nearly yellow anthers. Flynn, T.W. 1645 Kauai BISH 1986-04-04
17 Clerodendrum speciosissimum unknown Preserved_Specimen BISH
18 Clerodendrum speciosissimum Punahou School campus Preserved_Specimen MacNeil, W.J. 3686 Oahu BISH 1929-05-05
19 Clerodendrum speciosissimum Honolulu gardens Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3652 Oahu BISH 1929-04-10
20 Clerodendrum speciosissimum Kailua, backyard of 305 Kuukama St Preserved_Specimen ornamental shrub; flws vivid orange red; fruits blue-black Hughes, E. Oahu BISH 1990-06-12
21 Clerodendrum speciosissimum unknown Preserved_Specimen BISH
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